The American Eskimo dog is a very popular choice as a companion dog. It is small and white, and comes from sleigh dog stock. Its closest relatives are the Pomeranian and the German Spitz. Spitz dogs originated from arctic regions, where they were used to pull sleighs. They then spread into Scandinavia and eventually Germany, where they were bred for many years.

The dogs reached America in the beginning of the 20th century. Many were trained in the circus as trick dogs. As a circus would travel around America, many spectators would admire the breed and look to have one as a pet. White very quickly became the preferred colour of choice in the US.

Appearance

These recognisable dogs are well known for their white coat and triangular ears. The American Eskimo has a small compact body that has great strength. While modern dogs are now too small to be used as a sled dog, historically they were apt at pulling heavy loads through the snow. The breed today retains the same build and endurance to do so, only in a miniature form.

The dog has a thick double coat, which protects it from moisture and keeps it warm in harsh winter conditions. Its long tail also plays a role in keeping it warm and can be wrapped around the body as a way of extra protection.

The American Eskimo dog is divided into three strains dependent on size;

Toy -  measuring between 9 and 12 inches high
Miniature -  measuring between 12 and 15 inches
Standard - measuring between15 and 19 inches.

Temperament

For many years the American Eskimo Dog has been bred to be a companion dog, and for this reason their characteristics render them an excellent dog for a family. They are very loving and affectionate dogs, they love to cuddle up with their family of an evening after a day of exploring the backyard. Being smaller dogs, they can be suitable to an apartment, but regular exercise will still be required.

American Eskimos dogs are very eager to please their master. They are also intelligent, which means that obedience training is recommended. As they are used to living with other dogs and family members, when left alone for long periods they can suffer anxiety. Some dogs have been known to bark or become distressed.

Working and Tasks

The ancestors of the American Eskimo dog were strong dogs who were suited to heavy work like sled pulling. Today the American Eskimo dog is purely a companion, although its thick coat means it is still suited to cold conditions.

With its high levels of strength and endurance, the American Eskimo Dog will enjoy regular long walks. They will also do well as tasks like agility and fly ball. Making sure your dog is kept active, both physically and mentally, will mean that they are happier and better behaved on the whole.

Health

While generally healthy, American Eskimo dogs have been known to have allergy problems as well as disease associated with the retina. Hip Dysplasia can also occur, this is best avoided by ensuring the parents of a puppy have been tested for hip dysplasia.

The dogs will shed twice a year, their long coat will need regular care and brushing as well. They are much happier in cooler climates, if you live in a warmer area make sure your dog has plenty of shade and access to water on hot days.